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720 DEGREES ROTARY CONTROLLER
PROJECT BLOG
BUY
PARTS
NOW
(Updated: 06-11-09)
There's been a lot of interest in
the progression of various projects over here at RAM Controls, so the
following page has been created to provide background information on the
original 720 Degrees controller as well as interesting photographs and
supporting text on the actual creation of the reproduction controller.

Background
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Although
this game is obviously fairly aged, I still consider it a
"newer" game considering all of the machines I played when
I was very young. Release by Atari in 1986, 720 quickly caught
on with a specific crowd. It was either loved or hated,
nothing much in between. Personally, I loved the game for many
reasons. The cabinet looked cool and the control was odd, but
pretty interesting (when it was working). I saw this game for
the first time at a Golf N' Stuff during the summer right after my
Junior year of high school. I was immediately drawn to the
boom box header and the infamous phrase, "Skate or
DIE!" Instant classic as far as I was concerned.
The machine I was exposed to had some issues with the
controller. It was loose, obviously beaten apart by unruly
patrons of the establishment. Go figure. Anyhow, I
played it anyway and decided on the spot that I liked the game. |
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Of
course, these machines made their way into the shop quite often, the
number one issue being the controller, hands down. The issues
with the controller always fell within a few specific problem
areas. The first was that the controller was loose, usually
due to either the pivot ball, lower ball, lower housing or the pivot
arm of all things. Next, the controller was almost always out
of alignment. This was usually due to failing dual optical
boards or failing CPU boards. Aside from this, the controller
held together surprisingly well. I never cared for the
upper/lower housing design that Atari came up with because I felt
that it was generally flawed and made to fail so they could sell
more parts. However, given the fact that a bunch of their
controllers are based on this setup, I decided to reproduce this
aspect with as much accuracy as possibly, only making minor
adjustments in materials with the hope that my changes will allow
the controllers to last a bit longer than Atari had originally
designed. |

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Construction Progress
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06/01/06:
The 720 Degrees rotary controller project started in mid 2006. This
was immediately after the Major Havoc project was officially
completed. The basic design of this device has various flaws
which can be only slightly overcome by using updated commonly
available materials in use today which were not widely available at
the time. These materials include stronger aluminum alloys and
Delrin (rather than Nylon). I intend to faithfully reproduce
this controller with only slight modifications to materials so as
the completed controller and it's components will be 100% compatible
with the original controller. The only concern I have is the
upper housing component and how to construct it without edging too
far into costly methods. Aside from this, the remainder of the
components should be relatively easy, although the dual encoder
boards custom encoder device may give me some trouble with regard to
sourcing it. |
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06/18/06:
I've been scouting around for a spare controller for some
time. I have an incomplete unit which I am using to spec out
and start the project. So far, I've been able to spec out the
entire top half of the controller, down to the bottom housing plate
and sprockets. It's missing everything below the sprokets,
including the encoder disc, centering disc, encoder shield and dual
optical Coupler PCB assembly. So, I have a ways to
go. |
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06/29/06:
I've run off a small batch of bottom housing plates, made from 9
gauge steel, the part has been laser cut to spec and tapped for
mounting screws. These prototype parts have not yet been
plated, so they don't look quite right. |
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07/14/06:
I've run off a small batch of bottom housings (the black tubular
shaped part), machined from solid aluminum bar stock. Here's a
Solidworks drawing of the prototype version. |
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07/15/06:
I've begun the process of trying to recreate the upper housing
component. This one is going to be tough unless I opt to
manufacture using plastic injection mold process. |
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07/22/06:
I have begun the process of trying to recreate the lower housing
component. This part will be much easier than the upper
housing. I should be able to produce this part from Delrin or
even opt for Aluminum. Here's a Solidworks drawing of the
prototype version. |
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08/01/06:
I've been working on the handle knob and handle shaft for a week or so
now and it's proving to be a chore to figure out what the handle
itself is made from and how to attach it to the handle shaft.
For that matter, what color was the original handle? So far
I've seen red, blue, yellow and black handles. Hello?
The sample I have in hand it black and it appears that the majority
are black, so I'll go with BLACK. |
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08/19/06:
I finally got my hands on some spare parts, so I decided to run off
a selection of components all at once - the pivot arm, pivot shaft,
bearing housing, sprocket post, encoder disc mounting plate, and
centering disc spacer. All of the parts have not been plated
yet, so they look a little odd. |
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08/21/06:
I've sent out the drawings to a vendor to help produce the etched
encoder disc and centering disc. |
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08/26/06:
I just ran off a batch of encoder disc shields and PCB bracket
assemblies. They appear to be within spec, however they have
not yet been plated, so they look odd. |
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08/27/06: I just
received the order for the flange bearings. These were made by
the same OEM that made them for Atari back in the day, so they
should be to spec. |
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09/01/06:
I located sources for the sprockets and #25 roller chain. I've
placed an order for enough materials for several hundred
controllers. |
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01/01/07:
Finally back, I'm going to research this project a little bit more
and see if I can get around the issues the project is currently
faced with. The biggest problem is that I require a NOS pivot
ball to spec out before I can run off reproduction pieces. The
part I have is so worn, there's no way I can even extrapolate what
the part should look like. It's pretty bad. Also, I'm
having difficulties in locating the custom optical component used on
the dual opto coupler board. Between these two sticking
points, I've decided to put this project on hold temporarily.
I'm sure this is only going to be a short wait while I figure things
out. |
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01/11/07:
I was able to get my hands on a NOS pivot ball from a collector on
BYOAC named Richard and it's just arrived. I've already
spec'ed out the part and getting ready to run off a large batch of
repro's. Since this part is actually used on several of the
joystick projects we're working on, I decided to run this part off
regardless of the fact that the 720 controller project is on
temporary hold. |
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01/15/07:
I was able to source the optical devices used on the dual opto
coupler board, so the project is officially out of limbo at this
point in time and restarted. See, that wasn't too long, was
it? |
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02/12/07: 1000pc
batch of dual opto PCB's fresh from fabrication. Pictured is a
small stack of "unstuffed" PCB's. They're nearly
identical to the OEM PCB's made by Atari. |
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02/13/07: Here's
the beginning of a small batch of dual opto boards being
"stuffed". |
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02/15/07:
The optical boards have just come off the assembly line and they're
ready for shipment. They turned out beautiful! |
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03/15/07:
After looking at all of the parts I purchased back in September of
last year, I realized that I'm going to have to work on the chain
and create small sections of "endless loop" which seems
like it might be more of a chore than I had originally
thought. No biggie. I picked up a nice high end chain
breaker, so this should be a piece of cake for someone like me. |
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04/20/07: Here's
the chain breaker, equipped with a #25 die for working with #25
chain. This really is a slick piece of work. The design
is simple, but extremely efficient. Not only does it look
cool, but it performs well. Did I ever mention
that I like tools? Anyhow, making the small sections of
endless loop chain for the 720 controller should be a breeze now that I have the correct tool. |
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05/29/07: 1000pc
batch of pivot balls have been completed. Pictured is a
small assortment of the freshly manufactured parts. They're
made of machined delrin and they should outperform the original part
substantially. Aside from this "upgrade" they're identical to the OEM
pivot balls made by Atari. |
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07/10/07: The
endless loop chains have been completed and they're ready to
go. They are essentially identical to the original OEM part
made by Atari. Our version is identical in that no master link
is used., which makes a superior part. They really did turn out
quite nice! Pictured to the left, you will see a small
assortment of the completed product. |
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04/20/09: The 720
handle knobs have been delivered. They are to original spec
with regard to the size, however, the density has been changed to
something much heavier. The original balls were called out in
Atari documents to be made from phenolic which they used in
prototypes and early production units. They eventually went on
the cheap and replaced the original knobs with nylon balls which
were less than quality. Our reproduction makes use of
precision ground, highly polished phenolic balls. Imagine a
billiard ball - same thing, just a different size. They're
extremely hard and much tougher than their nylon counterparts. |
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04/25/09: The
knobs have been precision drilled on the CNC lathe. As
mentioned before, phenolic is an extremely hard material.
These balls took their toll on the bits used to drill into them.
Every 50 balls or so, the bit had to be changed out. Also to
note is the depth of the hole. Using six separate OEM balls to
take measurements from, it was noted that the depth varied from ball
to ball, up to 1/2" in some cases! It wasn't completely clear
why the depth varied so much until the original project
documentation was located which described the OEM process put into
use by Atari. The original balls were specified at a certain
depth but the process to drill them was manual and was done
completely without precision in mind. They had 12 stations set
up with each person eye-balling the depth. As long as the
drill bit didn't pop out of the other end of the ball, it was a good
cut! Yeah, pretty scary, taking everything into consideration.
Anyhow, the RAM Controls reproduction balls pictured to the left
were all cut (in-house) precisely to the original specification
within 0.0005 of an inch, so it can't get more precise than that! |
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05/05/09: The
shafts were an easy process, overall. The original 720
controller shafts were made from two different materials. The
first type was a plain steel with a zinc plating applied. The
second version was made from a stainless steel material. I had
a choice, so I went with precision ground 304 stainless steel.
I happen to like the look and feel of stainless steel. They
are many types, but type 304 has GOOD performance characteristics
across the board with the exception of sawing in which case it's
tough to cut. In this case, however, that trait is a good
thing because that means it will wear better over time in a hand
controller! Besides, 304 SS has a very sleek look to it which
will play well in the reproduction controller as well as the OEM
controllers if you like eye-candy. |
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05/05/09: Here's
another shot of the reproduction shafts from a different angle.
Please note the luster/sheen of the shafts. They turned out
quite nice. Sure, they took awhile to machine down, but they
were well worth the wait considering that it's been 20+ years since
these have been made available by the OEM. |
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05/20/09: And
here's the final product of mating the knobs and shafts together.
A beautiful reproduction control handle for the 720 rotary
controller. Armed with an older Phase II 3-ton arbor press,
each handle was press-fit together by hand and closely inspected
afterward. Press-fitting into phenolic is almost an art form
in itself. The reproduction handles will be made available to
purchase shortly. |
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05/20/09: Here's
another shot of the reproduction control handle from a different
angle. Note the close tolerance around the edge of the hole where
the shaft has been pressed in. Also, note the high gloss of
the ball top. Nice! |

Updates 01/15/07
- This project has finally been restarted as of today. The
optical devices for the dual encoder boards were sourced, purchased and
finally arrived. This project had been in a holding pattern pending
the sourcing of these parts. I was able to source a NOS pivot
ball from a generous fellow by the name of Richard (thanks man, I
appreciate it!!). I've already spec'ed it out and the machines have
been programmed. The pivot balls should be available shortly.
I'm running off enough of these to supply this controller project as well
as the Hall Effect joystick project and the Assault joystick project. 02/15/07
- The 720 Degrees dual optical coupler
encoder boards are now available. Again, the pivot balls should be
completed sometime soon. The production run is very, very large so
it's taking a bit of time as there are several operations to get the part
milled to spec. 04/20/07
- This project is nearing completion if you can believe it. I've
spec'd out most of the parts and, after running of various sized batches
of most of the parts, was able to verify form/fit and have since resent
nearly all of those components into full production. Pretty soon
here I'll have all of the finished components needed to assembly these bad
boys and call it a day. Stay tuned. 05/07/07
- This project BLOG has just been converted from notes and pics
taken awhile back and added to the website for reference. This has
been an interesting reproduction project ever since the start. The
controller used a large number of components which inherently makes the
project more difficult (and probably more expensive for that
matter). Since I live for these more difficult tasks, this has been
a great project and I look forward to it's completion. 06/11/09
- After a long hiatus, this project is back on track. The control
handles (shafts & knobs) were completed late last month and have just
been made available through the online store. Please stay tuned
for additional 720 controller parts which should be released very
shortly. |

If you would like to have your name added to the
interest list for the 720 Degrees reproduction controller, please fill out the form below. You will be notified of any updates
as well as the completion of this project.
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