720 DEGREES ROTARY CONTROLLER

PROJECT BLOG

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(Updated: 06-11-09)

There's been a lot of interest in the progression of various projects over here at RAM Controls, so the following page has been created to provide background information on the original 720 Degrees controller as well as interesting photographs and supporting text on the actual creation of the reproduction controller. 

Background

Although this game is obviously fairly aged, I still consider it a "newer" game considering all of the machines I played when I was very young.  Release by Atari in 1986, 720 quickly caught on with a specific crowd.  It was either loved or hated, nothing much in between.  Personally, I loved the game for many reasons.  The cabinet looked cool and the control was odd, but pretty interesting (when it was working).  I saw this game for the first time at a Golf N' Stuff during the summer right after my Junior year of high school.  I was immediately drawn to the boom box header and the infamous phrase, "Skate or DIE!"  Instant classic as far as I was concerned.  The machine I was exposed to had some issues with the controller.  It was loose, obviously beaten apart by unruly patrons of the establishment.  Go figure.  Anyhow, I played it anyway and decided on the spot that I liked the game.

Of course, these machines made their way into the shop quite often, the number one issue being the controller, hands down.  The issues with the controller always fell within a few specific problem areas.  The first was that the controller was loose, usually due to either the pivot ball, lower ball, lower housing or the pivot arm of all things.  Next, the controller was almost always out of alignment.  This was usually due to failing dual optical boards or failing CPU boards.  Aside from this, the controller held together surprisingly well.  I never cared for the upper/lower housing design that Atari came up with because I felt that it was generally flawed and made to fail so they could sell more parts.  However, given the fact that a bunch of their controllers are based on this setup, I decided to reproduce this aspect with as much accuracy as possibly, only making minor adjustments in materials with the hope that my changes will allow the controllers to last a bit longer than Atari had originally designed.

Construction Progress

06/01/06:  The 720 Degrees rotary controller project started in mid 2006.  This was immediately after the Major Havoc project was officially completed.  The basic design of this device has various flaws which can be only slightly overcome by using updated commonly available materials in use today which were not widely available at the time.  These materials include stronger aluminum alloys and Delrin (rather than Nylon).  I intend to faithfully reproduce this controller with only slight modifications to materials so as the completed controller and it's components will be 100% compatible with the original controller.  The only concern I have is the upper housing component and how to construct it without edging too far into costly methods.  Aside from this, the remainder of the components should be relatively easy, although the dual encoder boards custom encoder device may give me some trouble with regard to sourcing it.

06/18/06:  I've been scouting around for a spare controller for some time.  I have an incomplete unit which I am using to spec out and start the project.  So far, I've been able to spec out the entire top half of the controller, down to the bottom housing plate and sprockets.  It's missing everything below the sprokets, including the encoder disc, centering disc, encoder shield and dual optical Coupler PCB assembly.  So, I have a ways to go.  

06/29/06:  I've run off a small batch of bottom housing plates, made from 9 gauge steel, the part has been laser cut to spec and tapped for mounting screws.  These prototype parts have not yet been plated, so they don't look quite right. 

07/14/06:  I've run off a small batch of bottom housings (the black tubular shaped part), machined from solid aluminum bar stock.  Here's a Solidworks drawing of the prototype version.

07/15/06:  I've begun the process of trying to recreate the upper housing component.  This one is going to be tough unless I opt to manufacture using plastic injection mold process.

07/22/06:  I have begun the process of trying to recreate the lower housing component.  This part will be much easier than the upper housing.  I should be able to produce this part from Delrin or even opt for Aluminum.  Here's a Solidworks drawing of the prototype version.

08/01/06:  I've been working on the handle knob and handle shaft for a week or so now and it's proving to be a chore to figure out what the handle itself is made from and how to attach it to the handle shaft.  For that matter, what color was the original handle?  So far I've seen red, blue, yellow and black handles.  Hello?  The sample I have in hand it black and it appears that the majority are black, so I'll go with BLACK.

08/19/06:  I finally got my hands on some spare parts, so I decided to run off a selection of components all at once - the pivot arm, pivot shaft, bearing housing, sprocket post, encoder disc mounting plate, and centering disc spacer.  All of the parts have not been plated yet, so they look a little odd.

08/21/06:  I've sent out the drawings to a vendor to help produce the etched encoder disc and centering disc.

08/26/06:  I just ran off a batch of encoder disc shields and PCB bracket assemblies.  They appear to be within spec, however they have not yet been plated, so they look odd. 

08/27/06:  I just received the order for the flange bearings.  These were made by the same OEM that made them for Atari back in the day, so they should be to spec.

09/01/06:  I located sources for the sprockets and #25 roller chain.  I've placed an order for enough materials for several hundred controllers.

01/01/07:  Finally back, I'm going to research this project a little bit more and see if I can get around the issues the project is currently faced with.  The biggest problem is that I require a NOS pivot ball to spec out before I can run off reproduction pieces.  The part I have is so worn, there's no way I can even extrapolate what the part should look like.  It's pretty bad.  Also, I'm having difficulties in locating the custom optical component used on the dual opto coupler board.  Between these two sticking points, I've decided to put this project on hold temporarily.  I'm sure this is only going to be a short wait while I figure things out.

01/11/07:  I was able to get my hands on a NOS pivot ball from a collector on BYOAC named Richard and it's just arrived.  I've already spec'ed out the part and getting ready to run off a large batch of repro's.  Since this part is actually used on several of the joystick projects we're working on, I decided to run this part off regardless of the fact that the 720 controller project is on temporary hold. 

01/15/07:  I was able to source the optical devices used on the dual opto coupler board, so the project is officially out of limbo at this point in time and restarted.  See, that wasn't too long, was it?

02/12/07:  1000pc batch of dual opto PCB's fresh from fabrication.  Pictured is a small stack of "unstuffed" PCB's.  They're nearly identical to the OEM PCB's made by Atari.
02/13/07:  Here's the beginning of a small batch of dual opto boards being "stuffed".

02/15/07:  The optical boards have just come off the assembly line and they're ready for shipment.  They turned out beautiful!

 

03/15/07:  After looking at all of the parts I purchased back in September of last year, I realized that I'm going to have to work on the chain and create small sections of "endless loop" which seems like it might be more of a chore than I had originally thought.  No biggie.  I picked up a nice high end chain breaker, so this should be a piece of cake for someone like me.

04/20/07:  Here's the chain breaker, equipped with a #25 die for working with #25 chain.  This really is a slick piece of work.  The design is simple, but extremely efficient.  Not only does it look cool, but it performs well.  Did I ever mention that I like tools?  Anyhow, making the small sections of endless loop chain for the 720 controller should be a breeze now that I have the correct tool.

05/29/07:  1000pc batch of pivot balls have been completed.  Pictured is a small assortment of the freshly manufactured parts.  They're made of machined delrin and they should outperform the original part substantially.  Aside from this "upgrade" they're identical to the OEM pivot balls made by Atari.

07/10/07:  The endless loop chains have been completed and they're ready to go.  They are essentially identical to the original OEM part made by Atari.  Our version is identical in that no master link is used., which makes a superior part. They really did turn out quite nice!  Pictured to the left, you will see a small assortment of the completed product.

04/20/09:  The 720 handle knobs have been delivered.  They are to original spec with regard to the size, however, the density has been changed to something much heavier.  The original balls were called out in Atari documents to be made from phenolic which they used in prototypes and early production units.  They eventually went on the cheap and replaced the original knobs with nylon balls which were less than quality.  Our reproduction makes use of precision ground, highly polished phenolic balls.  Imagine a billiard ball - same thing, just a different size.  They're extremely hard and much tougher than their nylon counterparts.

04/25/09:  The knobs have been precision drilled on the CNC lathe.  As mentioned before, phenolic is an extremely hard material.  These balls took their toll on the bits used to drill into them.  Every 50 balls or so, the bit had to be changed out.  Also to note is the depth of the hole.  Using six separate OEM balls to take measurements from, it was noted that the depth varied from ball to ball, up to 1/2" in some cases!  It wasn't completely clear why the depth varied so much until the original project documentation was located which described the OEM process put into use by Atari.  The original balls were specified at a certain depth but the process to drill them was manual and was done completely without precision in mind.  They had 12 stations set up with each person eye-balling the depth.  As long as the drill bit didn't pop out of the other end of the ball, it was a good cut!  Yeah, pretty scary, taking everything into consideration.  Anyhow, the RAM Controls reproduction balls pictured to the left were all cut (in-house) precisely to the original specification within 0.0005 of an inch, so it can't get more precise than that!
05/05/09:  The shafts were an easy process, overall.  The original 720 controller shafts were made from two different materials.  The first type was a plain steel with a zinc plating applied.  The second version was made from a stainless steel material.  I had a choice, so I went with precision ground 304 stainless steel.  I happen to like the look and feel of stainless steel.  They are many types, but type 304 has GOOD performance characteristics across the board with the exception of sawing in which case it's tough to cut.  In this case, however, that trait is a good thing because that means it will wear better over time in a hand controller!  Besides, 304 SS has a very sleek look to it which will play well in the reproduction controller as well as the OEM controllers if you like eye-candy.
05/05/09:  Here's another shot of the reproduction shafts from a different angle.  Please note the luster/sheen of the shafts.  They turned out quite nice.  Sure, they took awhile to machine down, but they were well worth the wait considering that it's been 20+ years since these have been made available by the OEM.
05/20/09:  And here's the final product of mating the knobs and shafts together.  A beautiful reproduction control handle for the 720 rotary controller.  Armed with an older Phase II 3-ton arbor press, each handle was press-fit together by hand and closely inspected afterward.  Press-fitting into phenolic is almost an art form in itself.  The reproduction handles will be made available to purchase shortly.
05/20/09:  Here's another shot of the reproduction control handle from a different angle. Note the close tolerance around the edge of the hole where the shaft has been pressed in.  Also, note the high gloss of the ball top.  Nice!

Updates

01/15/07 - This project has finally been restarted as of today.   The optical devices for the dual encoder boards were sourced, purchased and finally arrived.  This project had been in a holding pattern pending the sourcing of these parts.   I was able to source a NOS pivot ball from a generous fellow by the name of Richard (thanks man, I appreciate it!!).  I've already spec'ed it out and the machines have been programmed.  The pivot balls should be available shortly.  I'm running off enough of these to supply this controller project as well as the Hall Effect joystick project and the Assault joystick project.

02/15/07 - The 720 Degrees dual optical coupler encoder boards are now available.  Again, the pivot balls should be completed sometime soon.  The production run is very, very large so it's taking a bit of time as there are several operations to get the part milled to spec.

04/20/07 - This project is nearing completion if you can believe it.  I've spec'd out most of the parts and, after running of various sized batches of most of the parts, was able to verify form/fit and have since resent nearly all of those components into full production.  Pretty soon here I'll have all of the finished components needed to assembly these bad boys and call it a day.  Stay tuned.

05/07/07 - This project BLOG has just been converted  from notes and pics taken awhile back and added to the website for reference.  This has been an interesting reproduction project ever since the start.  The controller used a large number of components which inherently makes the project more difficult (and probably more expensive for that matter).  Since I live for these more difficult tasks, this has been a great project and I look forward to it's completion. 

06/11/09 - After a long hiatus, this project is back on track.  The control handles (shafts & knobs) were completed late last month and have just been made available through the online store.  Please stay tuned for additional 720 controller parts which should be released very shortly.

If you would like to have your name added to the interest list for the 720 Degrees reproduction controller, please fill out the form below.  You will be notified of any updates as well as the completion of this project.

 

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